Impacto ambiental da ocupação de assentamentos de reforma agrária em áreas de proteção permanentes e reservas legais

Abstract

Environmental regularization in agrarian reform settlements represents one of the main challenges for the consolidation of a rural development model that reconciles social justice, ecological preservation and legal compliance. Given this scenario, this study seeks to verify the situation of the implementation of settlements regarding the preservation and recovery of Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) and Legal Reserves (RLs), comparing the level of compliance with environmental legislation between the different settlement models, such as the State Project (PE), the Federal Settlement Project (PA) and the Sustainable Development Project (PDS) in two time periods, before the occupation of the settlement area and currently. As a methodology, a quantitative and comparative approach was adopted, using geotechnologies and data from the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the MapBiomas project, processed in the QGIS 3.34 software, in order to analyze the changes in land use and coverage in the APPs and RLs before and after the implementation of the settlements. The results reveal variations in the vegetation cover of APPs and RLs, with emphasis on regeneration processes in some settlements and marked loss in others, reflecting different levels of environmental compliance. It is worth noting that all settlements presented areas of APPs and RLs that require forest restoration. There was also no relationship between the state of degradation or preservation and the PA, PE or PDS settlement model.